Oracle Preinstall on Red Hat 6
Not so simple. Look what happens if I try to perform a yum localinstall of this package when I only have the RHN channels configured:
[root@server1 ~]# yum localinstall oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: product-id, rhnplugin, security
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64
Marking oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
...
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 (/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64)
Requires: kernel-uek
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
Why the error message? Because of the dependency on the UEK which is only available from Oracle. So if you are going to be using Red Hat, what are the choices?
- Use the Oracle Public Yum server to install the UEK and then switch back to the RHEL kernel post installation, potentially impacting your support agreement
- Manually install all of the packages and set the kernel / security settings instead of using Oracle Preinstall
- Hack the RPM database so it thinks the UEK is installed when it isn’t
- Rewrite and recompile the Oracle Preinstall RPM so that it no longer includes the dependency on the UEK
I’m not keen on the first one as I haven’t read all of the small print in my Red Hat support agreement. I’m even less keen on the second one because I am a DBA and therefore inherently lazy… I’d rather spend 10 hours working out how to hack it than 5 hours doing it properly.
So let’s look at the remaining options…
Hack the RPM Database
RPM uses a local database to keep track of which packages are installed. So one simple if unclean option is to tell the RPM database that the UEK is installed even when it isn’t.
I have a Linux system running Red Hat 6 Update 3 and have disabled selinux and turned off the iptables firewall. I have also used rhn_register to register the system with the Red Hat Network in order to be able to use Red Hat’s yum servers.
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago) [root@server1 ~]# uname -s -n -r -m Linux server1.vmem.local 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64
I want to install the Oracle Preinstall RPM, but of course the package is only available from Oracle so first I need to fetch it from Oracle’s public OL6 repository:
[root@server1 ~]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@server1 ~]# ls -l oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15416 Jun 8 02:16 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
I also need a kernel-uek RPM in order to run the command which will alter the database. There are ways of doing this without the actual kernel-uek RPM but this is just simpler, so I’ll also download it from the Oracle Public Yum server:
[root@server1 ~]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/x86_64/kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64.rpm
Now remember that earlier I ran a yum localinstall of the oracle-preinstall RPM and it failed with the message:
Error: Package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 (/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64)
Requires: kernel-uek
This time I will fake the installation of the kernel-uek package using the rpm option “–justdb”. However, kernel-uek also has dependencies, so it’s going to fail with a message saying that it needs the kernel-uek-firmware package:
[root@server1 ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64.rpm --justdb
warning: kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
kernel-uek-firmware = 2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek is needed by kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64
That’s ok, I can add another option to the rpm call which is “–nodeps” to ignore any dependencies:
[root@server1 ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64.rpm --justdb --nodeps
warning: kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
This time the package “installs” into the RPM database with no issues. Now I can call the yum localinstall option on the oracle-preinstall package to setup the environment for my database. First though, because I know that oracle-preinstall adds lines to my /boot/grub/grub.conf file (specifically to disable numa) I will take a copy of it:
[root@server1 ~]# cp /boot/grub/grub.conf /root/grub.conf
[root@server1 ~]# yum localinstall oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: product-id, rhnplugin, security
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
Marking oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6 will be installed
<...snip!...>
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
<...snip!...>
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
kernel-uek-2.6.32-300.32.3.el6uek.x86_64 has missing requires of kernel-uek-firmware = ('0', '2.6.32', '300.32.3.el6uek')
<...snip!...>
Installed:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6
It works (despite the warning message) and now the environment is setup ready for the database to be installed. I need to check the new /boot/grub/grub.conf against my copy and of course check the contents of the log file in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall but my system is good to go. This method works… but it’s dirty.
Rewrite and Recompile the Oracle Preinstall RPM
WARNING: I am offering this example for educational purposes. If you rewrite and recompile any code written by a third party it is your duty to first investigate license agreements and support policies.
An alternative method to installing Oracle Preinstall on a Red Hat system (or I guess any other RPM-based Linux system) is to download the source RPM file and then remove the dependency on the UEK and recompile. Here’s an example:
First I’m going to install the rpm tools necessary to do this work:
[root@rh6u3 ~]# yum install rpm-build rpmdevtools -y
Now I am ready to create the RPM development environment, but first I must point out the golden rule of RPM package creation: Never create RPMs as the root user!!! Oracle appears (at least in recent oracle-preinstall packages) to use a user called mockbuild, so that’s exactly what I am going to use:
[root@rh6u3 ~]# useradd mockbuild -p mockbuild -m -s /bin/bash [root@rh6u3 ~]# su - mockbuild [mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.src.rpm
I’ve created the mockbuild user and switched to that account, then downloaded the source RPM for the latest oracle-preinstall file. I now need to create the RPM development environment which goes off and creates (amongst other things) a load of subdirectories for me under a top-level directory called “rpmbuild”:
[mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ rpmdev-setuptree [mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ ls -l total 20 -rw-rw-r--. 1 mockbuild mockbuild 14422 Jun 8 02:16 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.src.rpm drwxrwxr-x. 7 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 rpmbuild [mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ ls -l rpmbuild/ total 20 drwxrwxr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 BUILD drwxrwxr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 RPMS drwxrwxr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 SOURCES drwxrwxr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 SPECS drwxrwxr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 11:44 SRPMS
I will now install the source RPM (as the mockbuild user) which will unpack itself into these directories:
[mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ rpm -ivh oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.src.rpm warning: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.src.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY 1:oracle-rdbms-server-11g########################################### [100%] [mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ ls -l rpmbuild/SOURCES rpmbuild/SPECS rpmbuild/SOURCES: total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 mockbuild mockbuild 7016 Jun 8 02:14 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0.tar.gz rpmbuild/SPECS: total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 mockbuild mockbuild 5947 Jun 8 02:14 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.spec [mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ vi rpmbuild/SPECS/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.spec
The important file here is the SPEC file which contains all of the dependency information for RPM and yum. You can see the last command is to edit the spec file in order to remove the line which says kernel-uek:
#System requirement
Requires:procps module-init-tools ethtool initscripts
Requires:bc bind-utils nfs-utils util-linux-ng pam
Requires:xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth
Requires:kernel-uek
Requires:smartmontools
Once that dependency is removed the modification is complete and I can repackage – I don’t need to change anything in the RPM payload (the tarball located in the SOURCES directory). The build command will throw some interesting warnings but they can (usually) be ignored… stand by because this is going to create a long spool of output:
[mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ rpmbuild -ba rpmbuild/SPECS/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.spec warning: line 18: prereq is deprecated: PreReq:/etc/redhat-release Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.wgaFJn + umask 022 + cd /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD + echo RPM_BUILD_ROOT=/home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 RPM_BUILD_ROOT=/home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 + cd /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD + rm -rf oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0 + /usr/bin/gzip -dc /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/SOURCES/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0.tar.gz + /bin/tar -xf - + STATUS=0 + '[' 0 -ne 0 ']' + cd oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0 + /bin/chmod -Rf a+rX,u+w,g-w,o-w . + exit 0 Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.oNjPub + umask 022 + cd /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD + cd oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0 + exit 0 Executing(%install): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.1Htc90 + umask 022 + cd /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD + cd oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0 + rm -rf /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 + mkdir -p -m 755 /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/etc/sysconfig/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall + mkdir -p -m 755 /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/usr/bin + mkdir -p -m 755 /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/etc/rc.d/init.d + install -m 755 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-verify /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/etc/sysconfig/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall + install -m 755 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-verify /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/usr/bin + install -m 644 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.param /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/etc/sysconfig/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall + install -m 755 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-firstboot /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/etc/rc.d/init.d + ln -f -s /etc/sysconfig/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-verify /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64/usr/bin/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-verify + /usr/lib/rpm/check-rpaths /usr/lib/rpm/check-buildroot + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-compress + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-strip + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-strip-static-archive + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-strip-comment-note Processing files: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 Provides: config(oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall) = 1.0-6.el6 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall = 1.0 Requires(interp): /bin/sh /bin/sh /bin/sh /bin/sh Requires(rpmlib): rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1 rpmlib(VersionedDependencies) <= 3.0.3-1 Requires(pre): /bin/sh /etc/redhat-release Requires(post): /bin/sh Requires(preun): /bin/sh /etc/redhat-release Requires(postun): /bin/sh Requires: /bin/bash Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 warning: Could not canonicalize hostname: rh6u3 Wrote: /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/SRPMS/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.src.rpm Wrote: /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.04LldE + umask 022 + cd /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILD + cd oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0 + rm -rf /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 + exit 0
The result of all that madness is a new RPM file located in the RPM/ directory:
[mockbuild@rh6u3 ~]$ ls -lR rpmbuild/RPMS/ rpmbuild/RPMS/: total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mockbuild mockbuild 4096 Oct 9 12:10 x86_64 rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64: total 16 -rw-rw-r--. 1 mockbuild mockbuild 14437 Oct 9 12:10 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
Now I can log out of the mockbuild account and run yum localinstall (as root) of the newly created RPM. My work is done! And unlike the “hack the RPM database” option I haven’t got a load of broken dependencies hiding somewhere which might cause me trouble later.
[root@rh6u3 ~]# yum localinstall ~mockbuild/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, rhnplugin, security Setting up Local Package Process Examining /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 Marking /home/mockbuild/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-6.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: make for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-libcap1.i686 0:1.10-1 will be installed ---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.i686 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed ---> Package gcc.i686 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.4.6-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.6-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libgomp.so.1 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.i686 ---> Package gcc-c++.i686 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.i686 ---> Package glibc-devel.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.5.i686 --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.5.i686 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.5.i686 ---> Package ksh.i686 0:20100621-16.el6 will be installed ---> Package libaio-devel.i686 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed ---> Package libstdc++-devel.i686 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package make.i686 1:3.81-20.el6 will be installed ---> Package nfs-utils.i686 1:1.2.3-26.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils-lib >= 1.1.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils >= 1.4-4 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1(libgssapi_CITI_2) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libgssglue for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libevent-1.4.so.2 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.i686 --> Running transaction check ---> Package cloog-ppl.i686 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2 for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7 for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.i686 ---> Package cpp.i686 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.80.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.80.el6.i686 ---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 will be an update ---> Package glibc-headers.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.5.i686 --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.5.i686 ---> Package keyutils.i686 0:1.4-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package libevent.i686 0:1.4.13-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package libgomp.i686 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package libgssglue.i686 0:0.1-11.el6 will be installed ---> Package libtirpc.i686 0:0.2.1-5.el6 will be installed ---> Package mpfr.i686 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed ---> Package nfs-utils-lib.i686 0:1.1.5-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package rpcbind.i686 0:0.2.0-9.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6 will be updated ---> Package glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 will be an update ---> Package kernel-headers.i686 0:2.6.32-279.9.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package ppl.i686 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
And log file will be here
ls -lrt /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log
ls -lrt /etc/sysconfig/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall*
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